The Influence Of Booker T. Washington - 1497 Words

The influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois have had on the advancement of the African American community in the United States cannot be measured only by looking at the effects they had in their community at that time but by looking at the long term impacts they had on ideas, and policies. The means that the Washington and DuBois both express are both influenced by where they are originally from and how they grew up. With one growing up as a slave and the other growing up not a slave changes the perception that they might have on how to approach their race problems. I will be mainly focusing on the African American community and the way that Washington and DuBois believe the problem of civil rights should be solved. The tenants†¦show more content†¦Washington says later on in his speech â€Å"No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of-the world is long in any degree ostracized.† (Cite this) This is saying that to further their rights, people must first make themselves valuable to the society that they would like to be a part of. W. E. Burghardt Du Bois was an African American activist, historian and sociologist who was born in Massachusetts (DuBois Bibliography Pg.2) He was educated at Fisk University and in Germany and subsequently received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1895. (DuBois Bibliography Pg.1) He worked at Atlanta University and the NAACP where he was the editor of its magazine. DuBois has a very different idea on how to advance the African American community. DuBois believes that â€Å"The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men.† (DuBois Pg.1) DuBois believes that to advance the Black agenda,Show MoreRelated Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Influences on Equality594 Words   |  3 PagesBooker T. Washington once said, â€Å"Nothing ever comes to one, that is worth having, except as a result of hard work.† In the age of reconstruction and western expansion, civil rights bursted out like a bullet from a gun. Two men led the way into the civil rig hts movement, but in very different customs. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois both were huge influences to civil rights, one founding what we know today as the NAACP and the other spoke of a philosophy known as the Atlanta CompromiseRead More The Influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois on the Writings from the Harlem Renaissance2140 Words   |  9 PagesThe Influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois on the Writings from the Harlem Renaissance Two of the most influential people in shaping the social and political agenda of African Americans were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois, both early twentieth century writers. While many of their goals were the same, the two men approached the problems facing African Americans in very different ways. This page is designed to show how these two distinct thinkers and writers shaped one movementRead MoreAnalysis Of The Atlanta Compromise Speech1112 Words   |  5 Pagesaffected many of the black society, including Booker T. Washington. He was a major contributor to the end of segregation, and in 1895, he delivered the Atlanta Compromise Speech. He believed that with the hard work of the blacks, that they would earn and gain the respect of the esteemed whites. The main idea of The Atlanta Compromise Speech was that blacks should obtain social responsibility and need to work from the bottom to top to achieve this. Booker T. Washington’s speech was given to persuadeRead MoreT hree Dimensional Materials, Processes and Tools759 Words   |  4 Pagesof sculpture. This sculpture is made out of glass with measurements of 8x5 feet. Drip, Drop Plop utilized the molding process to shape a glass into sperm-shaped black drops and some were even accented with cartoony human eyes that suggested the influence of Wilsons childhood experiences. Meanwhile, the â€Å"glass drip forms suggested black tears and liquid black flesh† while the addition of the eyes emphasized that these were not mere black objects but they serve as â€Å"a metaphor for human degradationRead MoreThe Negro And Signs Of Civilization1188 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately lead to the Civil Rights movement and the end of racial segregation. The Civil Rights movement dealt with problems of inequality and disenfranchisement of African Americans that began in the post-civil war era. W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington are considered by historians, two of the prominent leaders of the black co mmunity in the late 19th and early 20th century who sought inclusion and equality through social and economic progress. While their end goals were the same, the meansRead MoreBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois and John Hope Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pageswhite and black populations. Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois and John Hope all attempted to conquer these tough issues based on their own experience and cultural influences by sharing their opinions. A well-respected African American leader named Booker T. Washington gave a speech that would be later named the Atlanta Compromise at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta on September 18, 1895 (Booker T. Washington Biography). Booker T. Washington was born in to slavery andRead MoreBooker T. Washington Vs. Theu.s. B. Dubois : The Discussion Of Conformity910 Words   |  4 PagesBooker T. Washington vs W.E.B. Dubois: the discussion of conformity At the early turn of the 20th Century United States, there was a large debate about how the average American viewed African Americans or Negroes. As a result, white consensus geared toward putting Africans in a type of caste system, where they would consider below whites, women, and immigrants. By this point, most African Americans were just conforming to this way of life and did not seek to change this. While this occurred, manyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Of Mr. Booker T. Washington1086 Words   |  5 Pagesactivists are W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, both whom were the voices for African Americans. Although, both great leaders, they did not always agree completely, often butting heads over the others ideals. Booker T. Washington was a young African American man living in the south, during the civil rights era. Washington, being the last generation of slaves, became the voice of past slaves and the African American people. W.E.B Du Bois, although conflicting with Washington often, spoke of him inRead More Booker T. Washington Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesthe views of Booker T. Washington nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born a slave, Booker T. Washington rose to become a commonly recognized leader of the Negro race in America. Washington continually strove to be successful and to show other black men and women how they too could raise themselves. Washingtonamp;#8217;s method of uplifting was education of the head, the hand, and the heart. From his founding of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 to his death in 1915 Booker T. Washington exerted a tremendousRead More Booker T. Washingtons Up from Slavery Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pages The book, Up From Slavery, written by Booker Taliaferro Washington, profoundly touched me when I read it. Washington overcame many obstacles throughout his life. He became perhaps the most prominent black leader of his time. Booker T. Washington belived that African Americans could gain equality by improving their economic situation through education rather than by demanding equal rights. Washington’s life story was told during the mid to late 1800’s into the early 1900’s, in the

Essay on The Role of Congress - 937 Words

Congress has helped develop the Presidency as we know it today. This is because Congress argues over proposals and legislation proposed by the President. They are a major determent in whether bills turn into laws. But it’s not easy. One reason for this is because there are many powerful groups out there who argue about what should be discussed such as air pollution with the EPA or jobs. In order to run more efficiently, there are certain responsibilities that Congress has given to the President over time. But that doesn’t mean Congress is losing any power or authority. It just means that they are giving up a responsibility that they don’t need. One of these responsibilities that were given to the President is the raising and lowering of†¦show more content†¦The President has power, but he can’t fire everyone because that would be indicative of having too much power. Congress created another organization for the President. This one was called the Executive Office of the President. One thing that happened was that the Bureau of the Budget, which was in the Treasure department, was moved to the Executive Office of the President. Congress is also responsible for providing the concept of a White House staff for the President to help him with all of the tasks delegated to him. However, the President has had the right to hire many of the people on his staff and the size of the staff changes with every presidency. Another aspect that has changed is the power the President has over policymaking. Sam Gailmard and John W. Patty say it best in their paper â€Å"Congressional Development of the Institutional Presidency: Policy Advice under Separation of Powers.† They wrote: â€Å"Presidential power over policymaking has grown vis-à  -vis Congress. This changing balance power balance coincides with and partly results from the president’s informational advantages vis-à  -vis Congress. Yet Congress is a willing partner and principal architect in the design of institutions that confer these very advantages. Therefore, Congress is actively complicit with the President in creating the institutions that have shifted power or, at least in relative terms, to the president,† (Gailmard and Patty, 2). There’s another reason why Congress givesShow MoreRelatedRole Of Congress And The President1810 Words   |  8 PagesThe role of congress and the president in diplomacy, and in treaty making and wars, the role that the President and congress play is actually very significant in governing the country and this is kind of like a balance of power, in which both the president and congress both have extensive powers. The power to declare war, provide defense and support and raise armies. The regulation of foreign commerce, to congress. These powers are given to the President and congress through the Constitution. TheRead MoreRole Of The President And Congress During The Economy Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagestides. Thus, the government has to create checks and balances to bring about a stable and sustainable economic environment so as to spur a steady economic growth for local businesses and firms to thrive. Role of the President and Congress in the Economy The President works hand in hand with congress to make policies that either stimulate or contract the economy.Such policies may be made to either increase or reduce government spending on such sectors as defense, in terms of military spending, healthRead MoreEssay The Roles of Congress In World Wars I and II1198 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, it was also imperative to prepare for war, should the U.S be pulled in somehow. When it was forced to go to war, a strategy for success in the war needed to be thought out. For these reasons, Congress played a significant role in the war. This importance of Congress was also proved by its role in World War II. Congress’s actions, including the passing of draft acts, preparation acts, war protection acts, and acts to ensure post-war prosperity during World War I and similar acts in World WarRead MoreThe American Political System Is Defined As A Constitutional Democracy1228 Words   |  5 Pageslegislative power is vested in the Congress and made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress makes laws, controls finances of the country. The President is a head of executive branch, who offers bills to the Congress, enforces federal laws, controls foreign policy, serves as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and with the approval of the Senate, makes treaties and appoints secretaries (ministers). President can veto a bill unless Congress by a two-thirds vote shallRead MoreGeorge Bush: Congress and 9/111290 Words   |  6 Pageschanges in which the role of the president was to wield power in times of peril. In this time, saw the role of congress diminish, while on contrary expanding the power of the executive. Following the events of September 11th, 2001, which change the setting of the presidency and congressional relationship.By means of manipulation, deceiving, bypassing congress, and using the crisis of September 11th to greatly expand the power of the executive branch, while dimin ishing the role of congress. Read MoreWho Has The Power Of Foreign Policy Making?1373 Words   |  6 Pageswasn’t have much power because the power of the nation resided in congress. But, today, the president of the United States is among the most powerful man on the world. Under our Constitution, some power belong to president, and some power belong to congress and other branch. The Constitution gives the president the powers to create a treaty, receive foreign ambassadors, grant pardons, and execute the laws of Congress while Congress is the head of the legislative. When it come to the foreign policyRead MoreChecks And Balances Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pagesbalances in the United States (US) Government was a goal achieved by dividing power into three governmental branches; legislative branch (Congress), executive branch (Presidency), and a judiciary branch. The power flows from the Judicial Branch to both Congress and Presidency and back again from both branches. The power also flows back and forth between Congress and the Presidency. According to Founder James Madison, they had to â€Å"enable the government to control the governed, and the next place toRead MorePower Of The President And Congress1303 Words   |  6 PagesPower of the President and Congress In the United States, a knowledgeable and reliable president should bring a country into economic development and give citizens truth. It is easy to see how a president affects foreign policy. The President has the highest power to decide how to manage, control, and to solve problems. The president and Congress play important roles in running the country regarding foreign policy making. Foreign policy is very significant because it provides peace between countriesRead More Congress Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Congress in the United States. It serves many roles such as making laws, implementing national policy and watching over the other two branches of government. These are just a few of the duties of our U.S. Congress. Although they are essential to our government, there are potential problems. People are not always satisfied with the length of time involved in passing a law as well as the deadlock Congress can experience on an issue. Another potential problem people see with Congress is representationRead MoreU.s. Policy Making Process1339 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking process, one must, accordingly, understand the various stages as well as the institutions involved in the same. More particularly, there are four key institutions involved in the U.S.’ policy making process; each of which play a significant role in the various stages of the process. Specifically, the U.S. policymaking process is comprised of four stages, to wit: agenda setting, formulation, implementation, and evaluation. First, the agenda setting stage is concerned with the specific problems

Dogs as Pets Free Essays

Dogs, simply put, are man’s best friend. These fantastic creatures are extremely loving and undeniably loyal. Both dogs and humans are happier if we are around each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Dogs as Pets or any similar topic only for you Order Now A great deal of dog owners make their dogs a significant part of their family. Having a dog in your life awards you with numerous benefits. Dogs provide their owners with companionship and relief from loneliness, mental health benefits, physical health benefits and exercise options, built in home security, pleasure in knowing you’re caring for a living creature, and complete unconditional love. Companionship is probably the number one reason people adopt a dog. You know when you come home everyday you will always have a happy soul there to greet you. Whether you need someone to accompany you on a ride in the car, if you’re craving a little cuddling in your bed or company on the couch watching television your dog will always be there for you. When you own a dog you are never alone. In fact, just walking from room to room in your home you’ll be followed. When human beings disappoint you and you feel as you have no one you can spend time with you can always count on your canine. The loyalty of dogs is amazing and they always want to be by your side. There are many other benefits to owning a dog but for sure your dog will become your side kick. Dog ownership can have a very concrete effect on your mental and emotional well being. Just the fact that with a dog you never feel alone is totally beneficial to your mental state. Being alone can often lead to depression, and owning a dog can cure or reduce those feelings. It is reported that dogs elevate serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain which control pleasure and calming feelings. With these feelings comes a happier existence and lower stress levels. Besides the mental health benefits, having a low stress life can lead to physical benefits as well. Dogs can also be profitable to your physical body. Many studies show that dog owners have lower levels of cholesterol. Other studies reveal people who own dogs have lower blood pressure levels than someone that does not own a dog. Possibly this could be do to dog’s stress reducing capabilities. Also, studies have shown that people who own dogs have lower levels of anxiety during stressful situations than pet free people. Another added plus to owning a dog is a reason to exercise. If you are a responsible owner walking your dog is a necessity. While exercising your dog you are also exercising yourself, which is obviously beneficial. For many years people have studied the physical influence dogs have over people. All studies conclude that dog ownership has solid and substantial impact on the human body. Besides biological benefits, home security is another factor dogs play a part in. A dog can hear things that we as humans cannot hear. Anyone who owns a dog knows that no one or nothing can get five feet from their house without their dog alerting them to that fact. If a potential burglar is considering your home for a break in and they hear a dog barking, they will most definitely not go through with it. While a professional alarm system is subject to electrical and programming failures, a dog’s innate sense to protect their territory will never fail. A dog’s need to defend their home and owners is an integral part of their being. Owning a dog can make you sleep good at night and you can always rely on this failure safe means of security. People need security for their homes, but also need security for their souls. It is possible that human beings have a distinct need to care for living beings. Especially people without children, a dog can be like a son or daughter to its owner. Providing for and taking care of something that completely depends on you can create great comfort. Owning a dog can give someone great purpose and meaning in their life. In payment for taking care of your dog, he will give you complete unconditional love. No matter what your circumstances are your dog will always love you to the bitter end. Their love for you is automatic and definite. From the moment you pick them up and decide they are to become yours, they love you. As our life goes on our needs constantly evolve and change. However, love is something we need from the moment we are born until the die we die. And dogs will provide you much love as though that is their purpose on this earth. Dogs award human beings with many things. You will always have a friend you can count on. While human friends may come and go, your canine buddy will stand by your side forever. With this constant companionship comes a new mental state. Dog ownership can help you overcome depression, anxiety and stressful situations. While your mind is being soothed, your physical body can be assisted as well. By committing to physical exercise with your canine companion, you are living a healthier lifestyle. With added benefits of lower cholesterol and lower blood pressure, owning a dog can make your quality of life much better. The fact that your home is more secure because your dog will be protecting it will give anyone peace. Great purpose can be felt knowing your dog is completely relying on you. Just the feeling of total love your dog bestows on you will make your world a happier place. A dog can make your life complete. One cannot completely understand this statement if they don’t own a dog. A dog can and will make your life fuller, happier, safer, meaningful, and full of love. No wonder they call them man’s best friend. How to cite Dogs as Pets, Essay examples

Organizational Behavior Bureau of Economic Research

Question: Describe about the Organizational Behavior for Bureau of Economic Research. Answer: Thesis Statement taken: New Zealands chief executives face a challenging economic environment, with changing markets and technologies, in which the support of stakeholders, including key funders, is more guarded and conditional than it has been historically. Introduction: Hutchinson and Boxall have worked on the critical challenges the chief executives of New Zealand are facing. In their article, they have focused on three sectors, namely, Private sector, Public sector, and Not-for-profit sector. New Zealand being a small country with a not so large population is easy to be a research subject. The researchers have used primary data mainly for the article. The data were collected from several chief executives answers to the questionnaires they were provided. Total 265 chief executives completed the survey. The article critique has considered the market of New Zealand while giving the review of the article by Hutchinson and Boxall. The major economic and management threats New Zealand is facing are examined here. The alternative and extensive paths are discussed next. Strengths and weaknesses: The strength of the article is identifying the problem of the amphibolic market is affecting the economy of New Zealand. The GDP of the country is not reaching to its full potential. The article has shown the ways the economy can improve. A big push is needed to achieve the expected pace to move forward at a faster pace. The economy is in dire need of such research, which will show the problems in the economy that are working as constraints. After the Global Financial Crisis, most of the major economies have started to grow back to its previous position (Petersen et al. 2012). New Zealand is still struggling with the small economy. Detailed research is needed to gauge the market attributes. The weakness is the data used in this article was gathered from only 265 companies from the three major sectors of the economy. At least 735 companies are operating in these three sectors from which data could have been gathered. The article lacks a detailed survey of the group of New Zealand's chief executives (Baker, Bloom and Davis 2015). The strength of the article is that it has described its concepts in a broad view. The classification done here are sector specific, which includes the private sector, public sector, and not-for-profit sector. The weakness of the article is that the economy needs is a market specific research. The market should be divided on the basis of the services and the products it produces. This way the results of the study would be more precise and industry-centric. The strength of the article is that it mentioned the market size of New Zealand, which is smaller than most of the developed countries. A company can grow easily if the targeted customer domain is big, which criteria is not being full filled here. The weakness of the article is lack of solution to this problem, which is to find larger markets. The presence of globalization and changing technology has to be used as a positive force for the companies in the country. By constant research and development, the businesses can find the market edge which can increase the market size for the companies. Export is the option available to the concerned companies for the purpose of addressing a bigger market. Personal viewpoints: Personal view point of the article focuses on the lack of proper economic policies and prescriptions which can be applied to get out of the stagnating situation in which the companies of the country are operating. Policy prescriptions should address the various facts such as targeted clientele, management issues, and business models. The provided data is not sufficient enough to make a sound economic prescription. More financial articles and researches have to be included to get the desired outcome. The reasoning ability of the researchers has to be guided through the economic concepts similar to the developing countries face. This is needed to figure out the market situation of the country (Blau, Ferber and Winkler 2013). The personal view is, by segmenting the market on the basis of the goods and services will give the researchers the opportunity to address every problem each company is facing. It will reduce the overall cost of the research. It will also yield better results which can reflect the market position better (Png 2013). Personal view point is, by increasing export and "export quality products," the country can increase its GDP, which will later be used in order to boost the economy. The article has missed the point of turning the weaknesses of the economy to its strength (Mankiw 2014). The article could have mentioned the role of the government which can help the economy to attain its potential. The government can not only play a vital role in the public sector and the not-for-profit sector but also in the private sector. Government intervention and injections in proper areas can boost the falling companies of the country (Knight 2012). The government of New Zealand can use the fiscal and monetary tools to create a positive economic environment for the enterprises that are struggling in the competition from the globalized market. The management sections can also get tremendous help from the government policies and subsidies (Bernanke, Antonovics and Frank 2015). Agreement with the thesis statement: One has to agree with the article that New Zealand like any other major economies, is contesting technological revolution and globalization along with other economic perils. The best way to understand these attributes is to get information from the people who are dealing with these problems. As chief executive of a company deals with these issues, the writers approached thousand chief executives with their questionnaire. 265 of them completed the survey, among which 135 were from the private sector, 62 from the public sector, and 68 from the not-for-profit sector. The rate of response was 27 percent. They belonged to the industries like "banking and finance, professional services, health, media, construction, dairy and agriculture, social services, retail, charity, local government, and central government." The thesis making process is great for this article as, the survey was divided into two parts, namely, quantitative and qualitative sections. The chief executives have reported the vague and fast-changing market of New Zealand, which is restrained by funding pattern and its quantity. Market uncertainty organizational renewal plays a key role in most of the industries. The managers operating here require social and political skills to hold a good relationship with the stakeholders. With insufficient resources available, the authorities are trying to compete in the international market with the efficient allocation of those resources (Hutchison and Boxall 2014). The situations mentioned above lead to the solution of efficient allocation of available resources. The article suggests three simple ways for the managers operating in the market, based on the findings: managing uncertainty, managing stakeholders, and managing resources. Managers with a systematic approach towards the problems find better solutions for the situations. According to Hutchison and Boxall, the Human Resource specialists also play a crucial part in the development process of different sectors. They have to bridge the gaps between internal and external boundaries. The country is stagnating in the vicious circle of low production because of the low participation of the HR specialists (Czarnitzki, Hussinger and Schneider 2015). Key points: According to the authors, the problems private sector faces are slightly different than the public and non-profit sectors. The reason behind this is that private sector's moves are profit-earning oriented. Among the 135 personnel from the private sector, 32 percent reported market risk as the primary factor that affects the market. It is followed by 'access to finance' and 'dialog with the stakeholders.' The qualitative section points to the rapidly changing consumer values due to evolving technologies (Zavadskas and Vaidogas 2015). This attribute makes the authorities operating in the private sector question their business model very often. It also causes a shortage in revenue constraining the companies to grow (Froeb et al. 2015). The Public sector and the Not-for-profit sector have similarity in their results. According to the executives from these sectors, the "change in economic climate, " is the main reason for the market risk."Fundraising and cost escalating" are the other two top-ranked market risks according to the article. According to the chief executives of not-for-profit companies, the help from the government is not coming at the desired proportion. With the insufficient revenue and escalating costs, the companies are not being able to work at their full potential. The financial constraints are leading to attrition in the not-for-profit sector (Bekaert, Hoerova and Duca 2013). Moreover, the article could have mentioned the role of the government which can help the economy to attain its potential. The government can not only play a vital role in the public sector and the not-for-profit sector but also in the private sector. Government intervention and injections in proper areas can boost the falling companies of the country (Knight 2012). The government of New Zealand can use the fiscal and monetary tools to create a positive economic environment for the enterprises that are struggling in the competition from the globalized market. The management sections can also get tremendous help from the government policies and subsidies (Bernanke, Antonovics and Frank 2015). Conclusion: The article can be a pioneer to its successors. It has shown the ways the next studies can move. New Zealand needs a big push to come out of the stagnating economy which most of the domestic companies are facing. The article has addressed the problems which are sector specific. The broad categories done by Hutchinson and Boxall are able to show the government intervention requirements, especially in sectors like public and not-for-profit. The research was based on the primary data, which makes the results reliable. The research even after addressing so many areas still lacks some specific platforms. Having a larger sample size could have reduced the sample errors caused by the absence of more information. The economy of New Zealand will have better utility from market specific research which is missed by the article. The article could not brief how the apparent weaknesses of the economy have the potential to strengthen the economy. The article with the help of a more detailed survey and followed by several economic prescriptions has the power to be the tool the country needs. References: Baker, S.R., Bloom, N. and Davis, S.J., 2015. Measuring economic policy uncertainty (No. w21633). National Bureau of Economic Research. Bekaert, G., Hoerova, M. and Duca, M.L., 2013. Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy. Journal of Monetary Economics, 60(7), pp.771-788. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K. and Frank, R., 2015. Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Blau, F.D., Ferber, M.A. and Winkler, A.E., 2013. The economics of women, men and work. Pearson Higher Ed. Czarnitzki, D., Hussinger, K. and Schneider, C., 2015. RD collaboration with uncertain intellectual property rights. Review of Industrial Organization, 46(2), pp.183-204. Froeb, L.M., McCann, B.T., Ward, M.R. and Shor, M., 2015. Managerial Economics. Cengage learning. Hutchison, A. and Boxall, P., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief executives: implications for management skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52(1), pp.23-41. Knight, F.H., 2012. Risk, uncertainty and profit. Courier Corporation. Mankiw, N.G., 2014. Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Petersen, A.M., Riccaboni, M., Stanley, H.E. and Pammolli, F., 2012. Persistence and uncertainty in the academic career. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(14), pp.5213-5218. Png, I., 2013. Managerial economics. Routledge. Zavadskas, E.K. and Vaidogas, E.R., 2015. Bayesian reasoning in managerial decisions on the choice of equipment for the prevention of industrial accidents. Engineering economics, 60(5).